Ecosystems

New York State is home to many diverse ecosystems, including coastal shorelines and wetlands, forests and alpine habitats, lakes and rivers, and even urban areas. These biodiverse ecosystems are dynamic complexes of plant, animal, and microorganism communities. They also provide the state with an abundance of resources like food, water, and lumber, as well as services such as recreational opportunities and shoreline protection.

Climate change affects all ecosystems in New York State and can have cascading impacts on the communities that rely on them. For instance, extreme weather events, increasing water temperatures, and sea level rise can strain ecosystems and threaten the many habitats and species within them. They can also create challenges for residents and businesses. Impacts can diminish the quantity and quality of natural resources, displace coastal residents, and lead to changes in land-use practices.

This chapter examines the effects of climate change on ecosystems, uses case studies to illustrate first-hand accounts of climate impacts, suggests forward-looking opportunities for adaptation and positive change, and identifies emerging research needs. It also underscores equity and climate justice throughout and explores the vulnerabilities among the state’s native flora and fauna, Indigenous lands, and major ecosystem types.